Project report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Undertaking report - Essay Example I arrived at the gathering counter of the school 15 minutes before the planned time of opening of the school. More on my perceptions are recorded in the accompanying report: The school is arranged in the edges of the city. It is around 3 kilometers from the outskirts of the city. Since school transports are given from dominant part of the lodging provinces of the city, no issue is experienced on this record. The school is housed in a 12 section of land plot of land. The yards and the nursery are all around kept up. Tree estate is completed inside and outside the compound dividers of the school in an arranged way. The school labors for six days in seven days. It is shut on Sundays, however a skeleton the board and upkeep staff is consistently accessible. Private quarters are accommodated such staff, inside the school compound. The long stretches of activities are between 8 a.m. to 2.00 p.m. A mid-day break is given between 11.a.m. to 11.30 a.m. The program is in accordance with the Bush Administration’s youth activity, â€Å"Good Start, Grow Smart.† It incorporates endeavors to reinforce Head Start, join forces with States to improve youth instruction and give important data to instructors, guardians and guardians. The school started its exercises from 1-1-1997, which implies it was established around 10 years prior. An enrollment declaration gave by the State Education Department is conspicuously shown in the Office just as in the lodge of the Principal. The School passes by the gauges endorsed by the Education Department of the State Government for different classifications of staff in the school. The greater part of the instructors are post graduates and have done exceptional recognition courses in Montessori arrangement of training. The School has many experienced staff on their moves too. Each staff part needs to deliver two tributes from newspaper officials, or noticeable characters of the territory in which they dwell. Their unique

Vietnamese Cultural Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vietnamese Cultural Health - Essay Example Most by far of the roughly 700,000 Vietnam-conceived people living in the U.S. shown up here as displaced people from 1975 to the present. While there are many mutual social attributes among all the Vietnamese-Americans, for example, the Vietnamese language and solid accentuation on the more distant family. The main gathering of evacuees to go to the U.S. in 1975 was instructed and urban experts (and their families) who were carried legitimately from Saigon. They were firmly connected with American interests in Vietnam, such a significant number of communicated in English and knew about American culture. This gathering has generally proceeded to continue their expert lives in the United States, including filling in as staff individuals from social help organizations, which help all the more as of late showed up Vietnamese. Interestingly, the second influx of Vietnamese exiles, showing up from the late 1970's through the mid 1980's, incorporated an a lot higher extent of dealers, ranchers and other country Vietnamese who got away from Communist Vietnam in little pontoons. These pontoon individuals endured extraordinary hardship and misfortune through the outcast procedure, frequently staying in brutal evacuee camps for a considerable length of time. Numerous who originated from country starting points or constrained instructive foundations have had a progressively troublesome time adjusting to urban U.S. life - while others from provincial foundations found that insight and tirelessness are more grounded than 100 ages of country hardship. This photo is of a lady and kids not long after being gotten in the South China Sea in 1979. At long last, the third wave, proceeding to show up to the present, go to the U.S. under progressively efficient programs, ordinarily based on their statuses as political detainees in Vietnam, or posterity of Vietnamese ladies and American dads (Amerasians), two gatherings who confronted genuine separation in Vietnam. They accompany their families, on account of Amerasians, as a general rule the dad is obscure or in any case good and gone. As a result of their experience as evacuees, Vietnamese-Americans all in all are at high hazard for some, transmittable infections like tuberculosis, hepatitis B and parasitism as they show up to the U.S. After some time, the same number of face availability boundaries to clinical consideration in view of such factors as constrained English aptitudes, transportation challenges, and social errors, they are in danger for progressively incessant issues like hypertension, coronary illness, malignant growth and diabetes. What's more, numerous Vietnamese displaced people likewise endure emotional wellness issues like post-horrendous pressure issue (PTSD), an outcome not just of the detestations they encountered as evacuees yet in addition because of the alteration troubles in endeavoring to hold their customary qualities despite the predominant American culture. Conventional Vietnamese impression of wellbeing Somewhere in the range of 1975 and 1995, a huge number of exiles left Vietnam to manufacture their new life in the United States. The Vietnamese, with the Cambodians and Laotians, make up the biggest gathering

Does Your Child Have ADHD or Is It Just High Energy

Does Your Child Have ADHD or Is It Just High Energy ADHD Print Does Your Child Have ADHD or Is It Just High Energy? By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 30, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 27, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Curtis Kim / Getty Images While many children with ADHD are, in fact, very energetic, high energy alone is not enough to warrant a diagnosis. In fact, children with some forms of ADHD are not high energy at all. ADD, for example, may manifest itself in low energy combined with inattentiveness and other symptoms. So when might a child with lots of energy be diagnosed with ADHD? In order to qualify for the diagnosis, a child must have a chronic, pervasive problem with his or her ability to regulate activity level, as well as impairment in their ability to inhibit and control impulses. Impairment of functioning or learning is key to differentiating ADHD from normal activity. If a child has high energy but is able to behave and perform well at school, they likely do not have ADHD. How to Tell: Symptoms and Signs of ADHD Hyperactivity and the other primary symptoms, impulsivity, and inattention, are really just the tip of the iceberg for kids who have ADHD. There can be additional impairments that may not be as obvious. For example: Children with ADHD often have difficulty processing information.?? With the hyperactive example, it may be that the individual has trouble slowing down enough to process information accurately. This can create problems in a classroom setting where students are expected to quickly and accurately make sense of and respond to instruction.Children with ADHD become frustrated and overwhelmed very easily and have trouble regulating their emotions.?? These symptoms can interfere with social relationships, leading to a sense of isolation and lowered self-esteem.  Children with ADHD usually struggle with executive function issues like organizing, planning, prioritizing, paying attention and remembering details.?? These issues can become problematic in a range of settings. Even in after-school sports, team members are expected to come prepared, remember what they were taught, and show up on time.Children with ADHD also tend to be less mature developmentally than their same-age peers. Thus, an 11-year-old with ADHD may think and behave more like a young child than like a rising teenager. This means that  even as teens, kids with ADHD may lack the judgment they need to make smart choices about friendships, risk-taking, and potentially harmful activities.?? ADHD Symptoms in Children If your child is energetic and finds it hard to sit still, they may be displaying some of the signs of ADHD. But if they are also able to control their impulses and emotions, pay attention, and respond appropriately in school and at home, they are probably just an energetic individual, and not affected by ADHD. While the core symptoms that define ADHD can include hyperactivity, along with impulsivity and inattention, not all kids (or adults) with ADHD will have these symptoms in the same way or to the same degree. You will certainly see changes in the way the symptoms manifest or present as an individual moves through different stages of life. A Word From Verywell For a child with ADHD, there is much more involved than simply being active and full of energy. Any time you have concerns about your childs development, its always a good idea to check in with your pediatrician. How to Help Kids With ADHD Stop, Listen, and Respond

Miscommunication Causes Serious Consequences Leading to...

Each individual is like a rain drop on the window; none of them are any more significant than another. There are the occasional droplets which are larger than the rest, the ones with a greater influence than the others. As time goes by, a droplet eventually collides with another, and another, and another...until they form a huge puddle and eventually roll away. The result is a chain reaction: the larger rain drops influence others, serving as catalysts in society. However, droplets alone, are fragile and vulnerable. In Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis and Albert Camus The Stranger, the significant role of communication is portrayed through two extreme examples. Miscommunication causes serious consequences leading to alienation and†¦show more content†¦Although it seems like a heartless and ridiculous response to the subject matter, Meursaults existentialistic honesty makes him heroic. In a way, Meursault loves Marie, but his problem with communication is one of the root cause for his alienation because his response never satisfies the society. In comparison, Gregors death in The Metamorphosis was far less heroic than Meursaults. Gregor is too self conscious about other people and what they think of him; he has sacrificed his life and his ambition for his family, to provide them a better life style. The dung beetle symbolizes the downtrodden feelings that are shoved his way especially after his transformation. All of the disappointment and sadness that washed over Gregor climaxed and resulted in his death. No one was around him when he died, and no one knew until the cleaning woman arrived. As Gregor lay dying, he recalled his family with affection and love,(49) he realizes that he spent his entire life caring for his family who did not care about him half as much, and he could have been more considerate about himself. Both authors tried to show how communication and happiness are interrelated as well as how vital communication is through theShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesHarassment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Unionization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Section 5: Leading 13—Motivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 The Human Element of the Organization . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Structuring the Human Element in Organizations . . . . 302 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSoftware Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protectedRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesattempt to identify and project how well a company is performing have been overwhelmed by the frequency and magnitude of these economic groundswells. In today’s competitive climate, where the changes outside a business exceed the productive changes within a business, a company’s future viability is clearly under enormous stress. To maintain business growth and a sustained economy, it is essential for managers to understand and find solutions for these and other fundamental wide-ranging issues. The

Janet Reno - First Woman Attorney General of the U.S.

Global Regulatory Regime for Environment Free Essays

Introduction: The environment surrounding us is precious and of high importance for every individual, yet people and processes are causes of the highest amount of harm to the environment. As the areas surrounding us get filled up with waste, chemicals, noise, pollution, and other harmful gases, it becomes increasingly difficult to live in such areas. Moreover, these areas lose their natural beauty. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Regulatory Regime for Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harmful chemicals, pollution, and the inappropriate disposal of waste material also causes severe harm to the forestry and the trees surrounding an area and leads to the reduction of clean air or oxygen prevalent in the area. Thus, people and other living things must succumb to breathing in carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. Such polluted environments are not only harmful to the betterment of the planet but are also highly toxic for human beings, animals, plants, and all living organisms. Thus, substantially reducing the quality of life for living things and their prospects for leading a healthy life (Gerlagh Mathys, 2011). While much of the pollution and harm to the environment is caused by individuals during the course of living in their own homes through the use of toxic chemicals such as body sprays, hair sprays, cooking oils, the use of their cars, inappropriate disposal of waste and lack of recycling; a large amount of harm to the environment is caused by businesses and industries. Businesses adopt processes of production and research and development which may lead to the accumulation of high amounts of waste material, release of toxic chemicals, inappropriate disposal of recyclable material, and large emissions of smoke and pollution from factory areas amongst many other forms of harming the environment. (Fredrikson,1995). Businesses, in the process of mass production, are likely to harm the environment in substantial ways besides the smoke and pollution emissions from factory areas. Other common ways of bringing harm to the environment include using non-renewable resources in production without proper planning and control. Cutting down trees to build industrial and shopping areas is also another form of harm to the environment. Businesses and industries may also use parts of endangered species in order to facilitate their production process or as an input into their products. Animal testing is also a common method used by businesses which often gives rise to substantial levels of criticism. However, many or most of these effects are necessary or inevitable when businesses indulge in production and research processes. (Antweiker et al, 2001). Yet, many can be controlled to a large extent. However, businesses are unwilling to put in that extra amount of effort and money to ensure that their processes an d the materials they use are environmentally-friendly (Grieg et al, 2005). Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate social responsibility is another highly popular business practice that many businesses now aim to implement either to fulfill their own personal vision regarding the type of impact they should have on the environment or because they want to ensure that their reputation remains clean and high in the eyes of their consumers. Often, applying socially responsible techniques leads to higher levels of investment or cost as close consideration must be made when choosing appropriate materials, applying appropriate processes, and implementing other supervisory and control procedures. However, many consumers and the media, especially in developed countries, demand that organizations act in an ethically acceptable and socially responsible manner. This includes caring for the environment and ensuring that their business processes do not cause excessive harm to the environment. This is often done by controlling the amount of emissions coming from a factory, controlling the types of inpu ts that are put into products, using recyclable material and encouraging recycling, helping the preservation of endangered species and refraining from using animal testing, and implementing an appropriate waste disposal procedure amongst innumerous other actions (Landes, 1998). However, while corporate social responsibility practices may be a norm in developed countries, they may be considered a luxury in the Third World. With many other problems plaguing the people of such countries, there is no control over the manner in which the environment is harmed in Third World countries. Waste is often disposed of outside factory gates or in empty land sites in residential areas without considering the filth and diseases that such waste material contains for the people living in nearby areas. Water and air is highly polluted in industrial and factory areas as business owners are mainly concerned with their own profit and are not concerned about the well-being of people surrounding that area. There are no regulations or control on such practices which force individuals living in such countries to live sub-standard or low quality lives. The amount of noise pollution caused by businesses is highly negligible as that is only the beginning of the environmental problems prevalent in these countries (Toffel et al, 1998). Oil spills and highly dangerous chemicals are often found in areas around factories and in other landfills which are often a cause for death to people or children who are found in those areas. Recycling is not highly practiced in organizations in Third World countries and there is no regard for the proper use of non-renewable resources (Bierman, 2003). Global Regulatory Policies: There is a very strong need for proper regulation in order to control the manner in which businesses and industries affect the environment around them and the manner in which they dispose of their waste materials. This is a prevailing problem in many parts of the world and is also an existing problem in developed countries. There are still many businesses who have not succumbed to following appropriate environmentally friendly practices. Depletion of the ozone layer, losing the fertility of soil, and permanently polluting the environment with antioxidants are just some of the highly harmful effects that can exist because of the malpractices that businesses engage in. In order to prevent the occurrence of such effects, there needs to be a proper regulation system in place. As the problem of harm to the environment is a global issue as it is highly important for the whole planet to remain free from harm, there may be a need for a global regulatory regime or policy to govern the environ mental practices of businesses (Cassesse, 2010). Global regulatory policies are often used to govern other aspects of human existence such as the relationship between countries, human rights, trade, and other such areas which involve practices worldwide. Global regulatory regimes are often made with a consensus of all the countries involved and require the assent of their leaders to implement such policies within their own country. Different countries are likely to have different policies regarding environmental control, and have their own set of laws which govern their particular borders regarding how to prevent environmental damage. However, there have been occurrences of international treaties in which numerous countries participated in order to mutually attempt to bring benefit to the environment (Abbott, 2012). Previous Environmental Laws: Law governing the environmental aspect of society is known as environmental law. Many such laws have been passed in the United States in the past such as the National Environmental Policy (1969), the Clean Air Act (1970), the Clean Water Act (1972), and the Endangered Species Act (1973). The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 aimed to ensure that all activities whether federal or private must be assessed and evaluated on the pretense of their effect upon the environment and their subsequent influence upon the surroundings around them. This meant that any project in the United States excluding those performed by the President or Congress were to be assessed to ensure that they did not cause immense harm to the environment. This act was implemented when concerns for the environment began to increase and people became more conscious of the effects that their actions caused upon the environment. The Clean Air act of 1970 aimed to ensure that the air remained clean and emissions an d the release of gases was controlled in order to prevent toxic emissions or the release of a high amount of antioxidants Industries and factories were given permits in order to control the amount of emissions they could release and they were heavily penalized if they exceeded the specified amount of emissions allowed to them. There were also days on which emissions were not allowed from factories and businesses were made to seize production in order to let the air remain clean for specific periods of time (Avant et al, 2010). While the above mentioned laws were specific to the United States, there have been laws which governed the whole world at large. Some of these laws are known as customary laws and have become such common practice that it is considered necessary for all countries to be bound by them. These laws are often upheld by authorities such as the United Nations. Such laws are usually laid out after world conferences in the United Nations and examples include the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, World Commission on Environment and Development, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. and the World Summit on Sustainable Development. Protocols are also made between countries which are subsidiary agreements made from the main treaty. These smaller agreements govern certain aspects of the main agreement and put forward additional requirements that must be followed in addition to the main agreement. Some of the most popular protocols include the Kyota Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Bierman Bernd, 2009). Accordingly, many international organizations are also made which seek to implement such environmental goals of which some of the most popular ones include International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Hence, there are many platforms for making international laws and global regulatory regimes in order to promote the environmental cause. Moreover, such actions have been taken before and there are many laws in place governing such issues. (Keohane, 2010). Benefits and Prospects of Adopting a Global Regulatory Regime: Hence, the prospects of adopting a global regulatory regime are quite high as many countries are now mutually concerned regarding the environment and the effects that businesses and industries have upon their countries. Moreover, due to high awareness levels and a lot of media coverage, individuals, businesses, and specifically multinational organizations seek to focus upon the implementation of safe and fair practices for the environment and seek help and support in this regard. There are organizations and international committees which work for this cause and serve as a platform to bring many countries of the world together to discuss important issues Accordingly, as it is often said that brainstorming and consultation can lead to better solutions, the adoption of a global regulatory regime allows the leaders and prominent personalities of the world to mutually decide what is beneficial for their country and the world at large (Keohane, 1984). As the whole planet technically belongs to all individuals and the actions of one country are likely to affect the whole planet, it is also important for there to be a mutual consensus regarding the practices prevalent in different countries across the globe. For example, the USA’s excessive use of aerosol sprays has depleted the ozone layer and this has eventually affected global warming in the whole world. In the same manner, the excess of pollution in the air and other toxic chemicals affect processes such as rain, global warming, and the prevalence of clean water for multiple countries who share borders and water facilities through the use of rivers. Hence, while one country may adopt principles to govern the environmental aspect in their own country, they may not be completely aware of the effect that practices in their own country are having upon other countries and vice versa. Thus, it may be more beneficial to discuss these problems together and on a global platform in order to come up with mutually feasible solutions (Scott, 1998). Accordingly, the feasibility and previous implementation of a global regulatory regime for the environment may be high, yet it is a highly difficult procedure and program to successfully implement and ensure that it is abided by. Thus, there may be several problems associated with the adoption of a global regulatory regime and the attempt to implement it in all countries of the world (Wilson, 1991). Problems with the Adoption of a Global Regulatory Regime: One of the most troubling problems of adopting a global regulatory regime or attempting to implement it is the setting up of an authority to ensure implementation and supervise the regime. It is literally impossible for a regulatory committee to be physically present in all parts of all countries governed by the regime, thus it becomes nearly impossible for such committees to supervise and check whether the laws governing this regime are followed in all parts of all countries. Accordingly, it is not possible or easy to maintain a proper check and balance on the laws governing this global regime and it is not possible to detect offenders easily. If there is no proper way to uphold the regulations in the regime, the regime is likely to be highly ineffective (Wilson, 1991). Moreover, there needs to be a proper way to punish countries which do not follow the regime properly and do not uphold the laws described in it. It may be highly difficult to decide upon a punishment for such countries and even more difficult to implement such a punishment. It may also be easy for countries with higher levels of influence to avoid punishment. Another very tantalizing aspect is to decide upon the judiciary who will preside over such cases and maintain a fair and balanced system. This is highly difficult to implement on a global scale (Sim Teoh, 1997). The costs associated with implementing the system and maintaining a committee for check and balance purposes will be quite high and may be considered unnecessary by many countries. This may also be considered a waste of time and effort by many world leaders and it is highly difficult to arrive at a mutually agreed upon decision. Moreover, the drafting of policies governing the global regulatory regime is likely to be a highly rigorous process which is likely to take a lot of contemplation, argument, and debate. There are not likely to be many occasions on which all countries agree or cooperate and such procedures cannot be forced upon countries which do not agree. Treaties are made by mutual consent and obtaining mutual consent is likely to be the major problem prevailing in the implementation of such policies (Feigener, 1997). Many countries argue and debate for long periods of time concerning the applicability of customary laws towards themselves. Many countries want to be free from having to abide by such laws and put up issues in United Nations meetings. Hence, if the application of customary laws becomes a matter of debate, the adoption of a global regulatory regime is likely to become a matter of intense or perhaps never-ending debate (Sadiq Governortori, 2010). There are costs associated with the implementation of environmental controls and these costs are likely to be high. Hence, all countries may not be willing to implement these costs within their respective country as it may be burdening upon their budget and they may have other concerns for which to allocate their national budget to. Due to the associated costs, many countries refrain from indulging in environmentally friendly practices and this includes countries such as the United States of America. Moreover, many world leaders may consider these extra costs to be unnecessary and burdensome for the economy. It will obviously take extra expenditure on the part of each country separately in order to ensure that regulatory practices are implemented within their own country. Hence, many leaders consider this to be unnecessary expenditure and do not express their consent to indulge in such excessive expenditure. One of the most important reasons for the difficulty in adopting a global environmental regulatory regime is that the circumstances of all countries are different. While the citizens of some countries are educated and aware of the need for an environmental cause, the citizens of other countries are not aware of such problems and have other bigger problem plaguing their nation. Moreover, while some developed countries have the resources and equipment needed to implement environmental controls, other poorer nations of the world completely lack such facilities and cannot support such regimes. Environmental problems affecting different countries are also of diverse natures but it is widely known that developing countries require even more regulatory controls than developed nations as the atmosphere in their countries is highly dangerous for the citizens of the country and leads to many deaths annually. Moreover, awareness programs and other initiatives are required in such countries in order to at least make the situation satisfactory if not excellent. However, these goals and others concerning the environment seem to be a long way away from being fully achieved (Baumgartner Winter, 2013). Conclusion and Recommendations: While it is not easy to adopt a global regulatory regime, countries can hold annual conferences in order to discuss environmental issues and attempt to mutually solve the environmental concerns arising (Nielson Jensen, 2013). Countries who do agree upon implementation of environmental controls can sign treaties and agreements in order to make the implementation of such procedures official. They can also attempt to have talks with the leaders of other countries and provide support for the successful implementation of environmental controls and regulatory regimes in these countries. Support can be through manpower, delegations, or financial aid in order to help other countries conform to the laws governing environmental concerns. However, countries who do not agree upon the implementation of such controls cannot be forced to consider them (Henri Jornalt, 2010). Serious offenders or countries which are severely damaging the environment can be reprimanded through boycotts from other countries, cutting off of trade, foreign aid, or through other means. However, it is necessary to consider the country’s circumstances before such severe consequences are applied and talks should be carried out in order to solve such issues (Fuerist Mcallister, 2011). Hence, a global regulatory regime can be applied towards some countries of the world but is extremely difficult to apply on all countries of the world and can be considered impossible to some extent.[1] However, there are manners in which countries can take initiatives as a combined body to help the environmental cause and promote the campaign against environmental harm caused by industries and businesses worldwide (Tessitore et al, 2010). References Abbott, K. (2012) The Transnational Regime Complex for Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Anderson, R. (2010) â€Å"Who Controls the Off-Switch?’ Smart Grid Communications International Conference. 96-101 Antweiler, W., B. Copeland, M.S. Taylor. (2001) â€Å"Is free trade good for the environment?† American Economic Review. 91. pp.877–907 Avant, Deborah D., Martha Finnemore, Susan K. Sell, eds. (2010) Who Governs the Globe?. Cambridge University Press. Baumgartner, R. Winter, T. (2013) â€Å"The Sustainability Manager: A Tool for Education and Training on Sustainability Management.† Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. Biermann, F. Bernd S. eds.( 2009) â€Å"Managers of Global Change: The Government and Policy.† Environment and Planning Control. 30(4) pp.571-90 Biermann, F. (2010) â€Å"Beyond the Intergovernmental regime: recent trends in global carbon governance†. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2 (4) pp. 284-288 Cassesse, S. (2010) â€Å"Is There a Global Administrative Law?†.The Exercise of Public Authority by International Institutions. 210. pp. 761-776 Fiegener, M. (1994) â€Å"Matching Business-level Strategic Controls to Strategy: Impact on Control System Effectiveness. Journal of Applied Business Research. Vol. 10 (1) Frederiksen, B.S. (1995) â€Å"National Responses to the EC Nitrate Policy.† Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. Vol. 38 pp.253 – 264. Fuerest, F. Mcallister, P. (2011) â€Å"Green Noise or Green ValueMeasuring the Effects of Environmental Certification of Office Values. Real Estate Economics. Vol, 39 (1) pp.45-69 Gerlagh, R. and N.A. Mathys. (2011) â€Å"Energy Abundance, Trade and Industry Location.† Working Papers Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. . Grieg-Gran, M., I. Porras, S. Wunder. (2005)†How can market mechanisms for forest environmental services help the poor?† Preliminary lessons from Latin A .Influence of International Environmental Bureaucracies. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press Henri, J. Journalt, M. (2010) â€Å"Eco-Control: The Influence of Management Control Systems on Environmental and Economic Performance.† Accounting, Organizations, and Society. Vol. 36 (1) pp. 63-80 Keohane, R. O. (1984) After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Princeton: Princeton University Press. Keohane,N. O. (2010) Thinking about Leadership. Princeton: Princeton University Landes, D. S. (1998) The wealth and poverty of nations: why some are so rich and some so poor. W. Norton, New York, New York, USA. Nielsen, J. Jensen, T. (2013) â€Å"Environmental Epidemiology†. Essentials of Medical Geology. 537=547 Sadiq, S. Governatori, G. (2010) â€Å"Managing Regulatory Compliance in Business Processes†. Handbook on Business Process Management. 159-175 Scott, R. (1998.) Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems. Prentice Hall. Sim, A.B. Teoh, H.Y. (1997) â€Å"Relationships Between Business Strategy, Environment and Controls; A Three Country Study.† Journal of Applied Business Research. Vol. 13 (4) Tessitore, S., Daddi, T., Iraldo, F. (2010) â€Å"The link between environmental and economic performance: evidence from some eco-innovative industrial clusters†. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development. 12 pp. 124-144 Toffel, M., Short, J. Ouellet, M. (2012) â€Å"Reinforcing Regulatory Regimes: How States, Civil Society, and Codes of Conduct Promote Adherence to Global Labor Standards.† Harvard Business School Technology and Operations Management Unit Working Paper 13. Voigt, S. (2012) The Economics of Informal International Law: An Empirical Assessment. In Informal International Lawmaking. edited by Joost Pauwelyn, Ramses A. Wessel, and Jan Wouters. New York: Oxford University Press Wilson, J. (1991) Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do And Why They Do It. Basic Books How to cite Global Regulatory Regime for Environment, Essay examples

Global Regulatory Regime for Environment Free Essays

Introduction: The environment surrounding us is precious and of high importance for every individual, yet people and processes are causes of the highest amount of harm to the environment. As the areas surrounding us get filled up with waste, chemicals, noise, pollution, and other harmful gases, it becomes increasingly difficult to live in such areas. Moreover, these areas lose their natural beauty. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Regulatory Regime for Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harmful chemicals, pollution, and the inappropriate disposal of waste material also causes severe harm to the forestry and the trees surrounding an area and leads to the reduction of clean air or oxygen prevalent in the area. Thus, people and other living things must succumb to breathing in carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. Such polluted environments are not only harmful to the betterment of the planet but are also highly toxic for human beings, animals, plants, and all living organisms. Thus, substantially reducing the quality of life for living things and their prospects for leading a healthy life (Gerlagh Mathys, 2011). While much of the pollution and harm to the environment is caused by individuals during the course of living in their own homes through the use of toxic chemicals such as body sprays, hair sprays, cooking oils, the use of their cars, inappropriate disposal of waste and lack of recycling; a large amount of harm to the environment is caused by businesses and industries. Businesses adopt processes of production and research and development which may lead to the accumulation of high amounts of waste material, release of toxic chemicals, inappropriate disposal of recyclable material, and large emissions of smoke and pollution from factory areas amongst many other forms of harming the environment. (Fredrikson,1995). Businesses, in the process of mass production, are likely to harm the environment in substantial ways besides the smoke and pollution emissions from factory areas. Other common ways of bringing harm to the environment include using non-renewable resources in production without proper planning and control. Cutting down trees to build industrial and shopping areas is also another form of harm to the environment. Businesses and industries may also use parts of endangered species in order to facilitate their production process or as an input into their products. Animal testing is also a common method used by businesses which often gives rise to substantial levels of criticism. However, many or most of these effects are necessary or inevitable when businesses indulge in production and research processes. (Antweiker et al, 2001). Yet, many can be controlled to a large extent. However, businesses are unwilling to put in that extra amount of effort and money to ensure that their processes an d the materials they use are environmentally-friendly (Grieg et al, 2005). Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate social responsibility is another highly popular business practice that many businesses now aim to implement either to fulfill their own personal vision regarding the type of impact they should have on the environment or because they want to ensure that their reputation remains clean and high in the eyes of their consumers. Often, applying socially responsible techniques leads to higher levels of investment or cost as close consideration must be made when choosing appropriate materials, applying appropriate processes, and implementing other supervisory and control procedures. However, many consumers and the media, especially in developed countries, demand that organizations act in an ethically acceptable and socially responsible manner. This includes caring for the environment and ensuring that their business processes do not cause excessive harm to the environment. This is often done by controlling the amount of emissions coming from a factory, controlling the types of inpu ts that are put into products, using recyclable material and encouraging recycling, helping the preservation of endangered species and refraining from using animal testing, and implementing an appropriate waste disposal procedure amongst innumerous other actions (Landes, 1998). However, while corporate social responsibility practices may be a norm in developed countries, they may be considered a luxury in the Third World. With many other problems plaguing the people of such countries, there is no control over the manner in which the environment is harmed in Third World countries. Waste is often disposed of outside factory gates or in empty land sites in residential areas without considering the filth and diseases that such waste material contains for the people living in nearby areas. Water and air is highly polluted in industrial and factory areas as business owners are mainly concerned with their own profit and are not concerned about the well-being of people surrounding that area. There are no regulations or control on such practices which force individuals living in such countries to live sub-standard or low quality lives. The amount of noise pollution caused by businesses is highly negligible as that is only the beginning of the environmental problems prevalent in these countries (Toffel et al, 1998). Oil spills and highly dangerous chemicals are often found in areas around factories and in other landfills which are often a cause for death to people or children who are found in those areas. Recycling is not highly practiced in organizations in Third World countries and there is no regard for the proper use of non-renewable resources (Bierman, 2003). Global Regulatory Policies: There is a very strong need for proper regulation in order to control the manner in which businesses and industries affect the environment around them and the manner in which they dispose of their waste materials. This is a prevailing problem in many parts of the world and is also an existing problem in developed countries. There are still many businesses who have not succumbed to following appropriate environmentally friendly practices. Depletion of the ozone layer, losing the fertility of soil, and permanently polluting the environment with antioxidants are just some of the highly harmful effects that can exist because of the malpractices that businesses engage in. In order to prevent the occurrence of such effects, there needs to be a proper regulation system in place. As the problem of harm to the environment is a global issue as it is highly important for the whole planet to remain free from harm, there may be a need for a global regulatory regime or policy to govern the environ mental practices of businesses (Cassesse, 2010). Global regulatory policies are often used to govern other aspects of human existence such as the relationship between countries, human rights, trade, and other such areas which involve practices worldwide. Global regulatory regimes are often made with a consensus of all the countries involved and require the assent of their leaders to implement such policies within their own country. Different countries are likely to have different policies regarding environmental control, and have their own set of laws which govern their particular borders regarding how to prevent environmental damage. However, there have been occurrences of international treaties in which numerous countries participated in order to mutually attempt to bring benefit to the environment (Abbott, 2012). Previous Environmental Laws: Law governing the environmental aspect of society is known as environmental law. Many such laws have been passed in the United States in the past such as the National Environmental Policy (1969), the Clean Air Act (1970), the Clean Water Act (1972), and the Endangered Species Act (1973). The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 aimed to ensure that all activities whether federal or private must be assessed and evaluated on the pretense of their effect upon the environment and their subsequent influence upon the surroundings around them. This meant that any project in the United States excluding those performed by the President or Congress were to be assessed to ensure that they did not cause immense harm to the environment. This act was implemented when concerns for the environment began to increase and people became more conscious of the effects that their actions caused upon the environment. The Clean Air act of 1970 aimed to ensure that the air remained clean and emissions an d the release of gases was controlled in order to prevent toxic emissions or the release of a high amount of antioxidants Industries and factories were given permits in order to control the amount of emissions they could release and they were heavily penalized if they exceeded the specified amount of emissions allowed to them. There were also days on which emissions were not allowed from factories and businesses were made to seize production in order to let the air remain clean for specific periods of time (Avant et al, 2010). While the above mentioned laws were specific to the United States, there have been laws which governed the whole world at large. Some of these laws are known as customary laws and have become such common practice that it is considered necessary for all countries to be bound by them. These laws are often upheld by authorities such as the United Nations. Such laws are usually laid out after world conferences in the United Nations and examples include the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, World Commission on Environment and Development, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. and the World Summit on Sustainable Development. Protocols are also made between countries which are subsidiary agreements made from the main treaty. These smaller agreements govern certain aspects of the main agreement and put forward additional requirements that must be followed in addition to the main agreement. Some of the most popular protocols include the Kyota Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Bierman Bernd, 2009). Accordingly, many international organizations are also made which seek to implement such environmental goals of which some of the most popular ones include International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Hence, there are many platforms for making international laws and global regulatory regimes in order to promote the environmental cause. Moreover, such actions have been taken before and there are many laws in place governing such issues. (Keohane, 2010). Benefits and Prospects of Adopting a Global Regulatory Regime: Hence, the prospects of adopting a global regulatory regime are quite high as many countries are now mutually concerned regarding the environment and the effects that businesses and industries have upon their countries. Moreover, due to high awareness levels and a lot of media coverage, individuals, businesses, and specifically multinational organizations seek to focus upon the implementation of safe and fair practices for the environment and seek help and support in this regard. There are organizations and international committees which work for this cause and serve as a platform to bring many countries of the world together to discuss important issues Accordingly, as it is often said that brainstorming and consultation can lead to better solutions, the adoption of a global regulatory regime allows the leaders and prominent personalities of the world to mutually decide what is beneficial for their country and the world at large (Keohane, 1984). As the whole planet technically belongs to all individuals and the actions of one country are likely to affect the whole planet, it is also important for there to be a mutual consensus regarding the practices prevalent in different countries across the globe. For example, the USA’s excessive use of aerosol sprays has depleted the ozone layer and this has eventually affected global warming in the whole world. In the same manner, the excess of pollution in the air and other toxic chemicals affect processes such as rain, global warming, and the prevalence of clean water for multiple countries who share borders and water facilities through the use of rivers. Hence, while one country may adopt principles to govern the environmental aspect in their own country, they may not be completely aware of the effect that practices in their own country are having upon other countries and vice versa. Thus, it may be more beneficial to discuss these problems together and on a global platform in order to come up with mutually feasible solutions (Scott, 1998). Accordingly, the feasibility and previous implementation of a global regulatory regime for the environment may be high, yet it is a highly difficult procedure and program to successfully implement and ensure that it is abided by. Thus, there may be several problems associated with the adoption of a global regulatory regime and the attempt to implement it in all countries of the world (Wilson, 1991). Problems with the Adoption of a Global Regulatory Regime: One of the most troubling problems of adopting a global regulatory regime or attempting to implement it is the setting up of an authority to ensure implementation and supervise the regime. It is literally impossible for a regulatory committee to be physically present in all parts of all countries governed by the regime, thus it becomes nearly impossible for such committees to supervise and check whether the laws governing this regime are followed in all parts of all countries. Accordingly, it is not possible or easy to maintain a proper check and balance on the laws governing this global regime and it is not possible to detect offenders easily. If there is no proper way to uphold the regulations in the regime, the regime is likely to be highly ineffective (Wilson, 1991). Moreover, there needs to be a proper way to punish countries which do not follow the regime properly and do not uphold the laws described in it. It may be highly difficult to decide upon a punishment for such countries and even more difficult to implement such a punishment. It may also be easy for countries with higher levels of influence to avoid punishment. Another very tantalizing aspect is to decide upon the judiciary who will preside over such cases and maintain a fair and balanced system. This is highly difficult to implement on a global scale (Sim Teoh, 1997). The costs associated with implementing the system and maintaining a committee for check and balance purposes will be quite high and may be considered unnecessary by many countries. This may also be considered a waste of time and effort by many world leaders and it is highly difficult to arrive at a mutually agreed upon decision. Moreover, the drafting of policies governing the global regulatory regime is likely to be a highly rigorous process which is likely to take a lot of contemplation, argument, and debate. There are not likely to be many occasions on which all countries agree or cooperate and such procedures cannot be forced upon countries which do not agree. Treaties are made by mutual consent and obtaining mutual consent is likely to be the major problem prevailing in the implementation of such policies (Feigener, 1997). Many countries argue and debate for long periods of time concerning the applicability of customary laws towards themselves. Many countries want to be free from having to abide by such laws and put up issues in United Nations meetings. Hence, if the application of customary laws becomes a matter of debate, the adoption of a global regulatory regime is likely to become a matter of intense or perhaps never-ending debate (Sadiq Governortori, 2010). There are costs associated with the implementation of environmental controls and these costs are likely to be high. Hence, all countries may not be willing to implement these costs within their respective country as it may be burdening upon their budget and they may have other concerns for which to allocate their national budget to. Due to the associated costs, many countries refrain from indulging in environmentally friendly practices and this includes countries such as the United States of America. Moreover, many world leaders may consider these extra costs to be unnecessary and burdensome for the economy. It will obviously take extra expenditure on the part of each country separately in order to ensure that regulatory practices are implemented within their own country. Hence, many leaders consider this to be unnecessary expenditure and do not express their consent to indulge in such excessive expenditure. One of the most important reasons for the difficulty in adopting a global environmental regulatory regime is that the circumstances of all countries are different. While the citizens of some countries are educated and aware of the need for an environmental cause, the citizens of other countries are not aware of such problems and have other bigger problem plaguing their nation. Moreover, while some developed countries have the resources and equipment needed to implement environmental controls, other poorer nations of the world completely lack such facilities and cannot support such regimes. Environmental problems affecting different countries are also of diverse natures but it is widely known that developing countries require even more regulatory controls than developed nations as the atmosphere in their countries is highly dangerous for the citizens of the country and leads to many deaths annually. Moreover, awareness programs and other initiatives are required in such countries in order to at least make the situation satisfactory if not excellent. However, these goals and others concerning the environment seem to be a long way away from being fully achieved (Baumgartner Winter, 2013). Conclusion and Recommendations: While it is not easy to adopt a global regulatory regime, countries can hold annual conferences in order to discuss environmental issues and attempt to mutually solve the environmental concerns arising (Nielson Jensen, 2013). Countries who do agree upon implementation of environmental controls can sign treaties and agreements in order to make the implementation of such procedures official. They can also attempt to have talks with the leaders of other countries and provide support for the successful implementation of environmental controls and regulatory regimes in these countries. Support can be through manpower, delegations, or financial aid in order to help other countries conform to the laws governing environmental concerns. However, countries who do not agree upon the implementation of such controls cannot be forced to consider them (Henri Jornalt, 2010). Serious offenders or countries which are severely damaging the environment can be reprimanded through boycotts from other countries, cutting off of trade, foreign aid, or through other means. However, it is necessary to consider the country’s circumstances before such severe consequences are applied and talks should be carried out in order to solve such issues (Fuerist Mcallister, 2011). Hence, a global regulatory regime can be applied towards some countries of the world but is extremely difficult to apply on all countries of the world and can be considered impossible to some extent.[1] However, there are manners in which countries can take initiatives as a combined body to help the environmental cause and promote the campaign against environmental harm caused by industries and businesses worldwide (Tessitore et al, 2010). References Abbott, K. (2012) The Transnational Regime Complex for Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Anderson, R. (2010) â€Å"Who Controls the Off-Switch?’ Smart Grid Communications International Conference. 96-101 Antweiler, W., B. Copeland, M.S. Taylor. 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